Independent · Source-cited · Non-partisan

Data centers are changing communities. Get the facts behind the claims.

Examine the evidence on water, power, cooling, jobs, taxes, emissions, and community impact — presented as Claim, Evidence, and What's still unknown.

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Select a state to see reported facility activity, power, water, cooling, sources, and recent news. Activity levels are qualitative; precise facility totals are only shown where a cited methodology exists.

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The core method

Claims vs. Evidence

Every issue is presented in three parts so you can judge for yourself.

Water

Claim

Data centers use enormous amounts of water.

Evidence

Reported

Some facilities using evaporative cooling consume substantial water; reported figures for individual large sites have ranged into the hundreds of millions of gallons per year. Water use varies enormously by cooling design, climate, and whether water is withdrawn vs. consumed.

What's still unknown

There is no comprehensive, standardized national dataset of data center water use. Many facilities do not publicly report, and 'water use' is often cited without distinguishing withdrawal from consumption.

Power

Claim

Data centers are straining the electricity grid.

Evidence

Reported

Grid operators and utilities (e.g., ERCOT, PJM, Georgia Power) report data centers as a significant driver of forecast load growth. LBNL estimated US data centers used about 4.4% of national electricity in 2023, with projected growth.

What's still unknown

Future load forecasts are uncertain and depend on AI adoption, efficiency gains, and how much proposed capacity is actually built. Interconnection-queue figures overstate what will be built.

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